Bitget App
Trade smarter
Buy cryptoMarketsTradeFuturesCopyBotsEarn

Understanding the Inspiration Behind Orb Land Praised by Vitalik Buterin: Harberger Tax, Shared Ownership, and Anti-Monopoly

View original
ChaincatcherChaincatcher2024/05/22 03:13
By:作者:@Web3Mario

Behind Orb Land is a left-leaning ownership system known as the shared ownership mechanism, combined with the Harberger tax model, aimed at addressing social inequities caused by resource monopolies. This approach offers insights into solving current issues faced by the Web3 industry, such as the recent hype around high-valuation VC coins.

Author: @Web3Mario

Introduction: On May 21, 2024, Vitalik liked a project on Warpcast called orb.land. After delving into it, he became quite interested in the design philosophy behind it. So, he spent some time reading the book "Radical Markets" and had some insights he wanted to share. Of course, I found a more detailed article introducing the project itself for everyone to read and understand. In summary, the book proposes a left-leaning ownership system called the shared ownership mechanism, combined with the Harberger tax model, aimed at addressing social inequities caused by resource monopolies. This is enlightening for solving current issues in the Web3 industry, such as the recently popular high-valuation VC coins.

What is "Radical Markets" about?

First, I would like to briefly introduce some basic information about this book. The full title is "Radical Markets: Uprooting Capitalism and Democracy for a Just Society," co-authored by Glen Weyl and Eric Posner in 2020. Glen Weyl is a principal researcher at Microsoft Research and a visiting professor at Yale University, focusing on market design and public policy innovation. Eric Posner is a professor at the University of Chicago Law School, a renowned legal scholar whose research covers contract law, international law, and legal theory.

In general, this book aims to address a series of deep-seated issues in modern capitalism and democracy. Specifically, it involves the following key issues:

1. Wealth and income inequality: In modern society, wealth and income inequality are becoming increasingly severe. Traditional capitalist systems often lead to a small number of people accumulating vast wealth, while the majority face economic pressure. The authors believe this inequality is not only unjust but also leads to social and economic instability.

2. Inefficient allocation of resources and assets: Many resources and assets cannot be effectively utilized under the current market system. For example, in the land and real estate markets, many assets are idle due to speculation and hoarding, failing to realize their economic potential. This not only wastes valuable resources but also exacerbates housing and land shortages.

3. Flaws in the democratic system: The current democratic system has many issues, such as flaws in the voting system, political polarization, and excessive influence of interest groups. These problems make it difficult for the democratic system to truly represent the interests of the people, leading to inefficient and unfair policy-making.

4. Global immigration issues: Existing immigration policies are usually strictly controlled by the state, limiting the free flow of labor. This not only affects individuals' economic opportunities but also hinders the overall development of the global economy. The authors believe that the free flow of immigration can significantly improve the efficiency of global resource allocation, promoting economic growth and social progress.

5. Data and privacy rights issues: In the era of big data, personal data has become an important economic resource. However, most data control is in the hands of a few large companies, limiting individuals' rights to use and benefit from their data. The authors propose giving individuals more data rights to achieve fairer data use and benefit distribution.

6. Market monopolies and lack of competition: Many industries have serious market monopoly issues, with large companies controlling the market through mergers and acquisitions, hindering fair competition and innovation. The authors believe that stricter antitrust policies are needed to break these monopolies and promote fair and healthy market development.

To address these issues, the book proposes several solutions, summarized into five points:

  • Shared ownership: Weyl and Posner suggest adopting a system called "Common Ownership Self-Assessed Tax" (COST). This system involves self-assessment and public pricing, keeping all assets in a state of continuous public auction to reduce monopolistic behavior and promote efficient resource utilization. This self-assessment tax system is known as the "Harberger tax."
  • Voting reform: They propose "Quadratic Voting," where each citizen has a certain number of voting credits in each vote, which they can allocate based on the importance of the issue. This can more accurately reflect public preferences on different issues, avoiding the neglect of minority opinions.
  • Immigration policy: The authors suggest establishing a "Labor Market Auction," where the number and conditions of immigrants are determined through bidding. This method aims to more effectively utilize the economic potential of immigrants, optimizing the allocation of global labor resources.
  • Data rights: The book also discusses the issue of personal data ownership, advocating for giving individuals ownership and control over their data to ensure that data use truly benefits the creators of the data, rather than just large tech companies.
  • Antitrust policy: They emphasize the need for stronger antitrust laws to prevent market monopolies, advocating for the decentralization of large enterprises' economic power to promote fair competition and innovation.

It can be said that the economic model designed by Orb Land for the Web3 personal consulting service scenario references the first mechanism, the so-called shared ownership system combined with self-assessment tax, hereinafter referred to as the shared ownership system. So, what is the shared ownership system, and what are its effects?

The shared ownership system brings liquidity to assets through mandatory means, avoiding the unfairness caused by monopolies

The shared ownership system is a social resource allocation system, and its design mainly includes the following three aspects:

1. Self-assessment and public pricing: This system requires each asset owner to publicly self-assess the value of their assets. This includes all types of property, such as houses, land, commercial assets, etc. The self-assessed price is not only determined by the owner but is also public, allowing anyone to see this price.

2. Continuous auction mechanism: At any time, anyone can purchase the asset at the owner's self-assessed price. This means that owners must be very cautious in setting their assessment prices because if set too low, they may lose their property. At the same time, to prevent owners from...

高估其资产的价值,从而规避潜在的成交可能,他们会被要求支付一个基于自我评估价格的一定比例的税款。这一税款可以是资产价值的1%到7%,具体比例视具体政策而定,这个税款也被称为“哈伯格税”,灵感来源于经济学家阿诺德·哈伯格在20世纪60年代提出的概念。

3. 税收用途:收取的税款将作为公共收入,用于提供公共服务和基础设施,或者分配给社区以支持经济发展。与此同时这种税收机制可以替代或补充传统的财产税,从而简化税收制度,并增加政府的财政收入。

通过上述机制设计带来了几个方面好处,首先这个机制可以有效的减少垄断与资源浪费,由于所有资产都在持续公开拍卖,垄断性持有资源的行为将被减少,资源的分配将更加高效。除此之外人们也会更积极地使用和开发他们的资产,因为持有不使用的资产成本变高。其次在于促进经济流动性,公开的自我评估资产定价和持续拍卖机制将促进市场的流动性,使得资产可以更迅速地转手,减少市场的僵化。同时企业和个人可以更容易地获得资源,推动创新和经济活动。最后是增加公平性与社会福利,通过这种制度收集的税款可以用于公共项目和福利,提高社会整体的生活质量。通过这个方式可以帮助减少财富和资源的极端不平等现象。

共享所有权制度对Web3世界的潜在影响

接下来让我们来看一下Orb Land如何利用这个概念来设计Web3个人咨询服务系统的。简单来讲,一些专家用户可以通过Orb Land生成一种NFT,任何持有该NFT的人都可以向其发行人咨询问题。该NFT具备共享所有权机制,首先当用户购买NFT后需要设定一个公开售卖价格,其他人随时随地都可以以该价格买走该NFT,其次当持有该NFT时,持有人需要承担高昂的哈伯格税,从而避免了用户通过设置天价售卖价来避免NFT被成交。所有哈伯格税以及NFT交易时的版税都将归属于发行人,同时NFT持有人拥有给发行人的回答打分的能力。

我想做这样的机制设计的原因在于Orb Land想为作为NFT发行人的专家们带来一个持续的现金流收益,从而保证其积极输出价值回答的动力。然而我认为这并没有很好的利用该机制的核心优势,因为在这个场景中,NFT承载的是向某个专家用户咨询问题的权利,然而这并不是稀缺资源,很难通过垄断的方式攫取垄断利润,例如假设你拥有了Vitalik所发行的NFT,你可以垄断其发言权,他将变成一名你的专属顾问,其他人都没办法从他那里收到任何建议,这显然是荒谬的事情!因此该模型的价值在这个使用场景中就显得不尽如人意,因为其只是希望通过课税的方式促进NFT快速流通,并为发行人多增加收益,因此这个机制就显得对持有人非常不友好,与此同时如果只是利用该机制为某资产做价格发现,那你会发现这个效率将远低于通过自由市场政策,即通过市场中的供需关系来定价。

那么共享所有权制度对Web3世界的潜在影响是什么呢?简单来讲,哪里因为垄断所产生的问题最严重,哪里就适用该机制。在这里我抛砖引玉一个场景,即最近比较热门的高估值VC币问题。高估值VC币之所以是割散户韭菜的利器,原因大部分的We3项目的通证经济学设计导致后续随着VC Token的不断解锁逐渐演变称为寡头垄断市场,与此同时由于VC的资金量相比于散户有明显优势。这就让VC有了定价的能力,因此VC可以通过高估值来抬升二级市场成交价格,进而赚取垄断利润,而之所以出现低流通量的情况是因为接盘的散户毕竟有限,无法承接短期内VC大量的抛售,因此为了维护利润。VC通常选择细水长流的方式出售,在这个场景中,如果Web3项目结合共享所有权制度来重新设计通证经济模型将是令人兴奋的!至于具体的方案,欢迎大家共同讨论。

项目介绍与分析 为你介绍加密市场最前沿的项目 专题
关联标签
Orb Land Vitalik VC币
链捕手ChainCatcher提醒,请广大读者理性看待区块链,切实提高风险意识,警惕各类虚拟代币发行与炒作, 站内所有内容仅系市场信息或相关方观点,不构成任何形式投资建议。如发现站内内容含敏感信息,可点击 “举报” ,我们会及时处理。
0

Disclaimer: The content of this article solely reflects the author's opinion and does not represent the platform in any capacity. This article is not intended to serve as a reference for making investment decisions.

PoolX: Stake to earn
APR up to 10%. Always on, always earning.
Stake now!